Methods for optimization of the original signal in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

The existence of signal uncertainty remains the biggest obstacle in quantitative chemical analysis of laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), in which the original signal optimization is a key and difficult problem to overcome for a long time in the past, present, and future. In this review, we investigated the existing methods for optimizing original signals and briefly introduced the process of laser-produced plasma, sources of spectral uncertainty, and evaluation parameters. In addition, we summarized and proposed four optimization scenarios, including energy injection, spatial confinement, experimental environment, and technology fusion, aiming to improve the accuracy and reliability of LIBS in quantitative analysis of the chemical element composition of substances. Finally, we conducted an in-depth discussion on the existing problems of the current LIBS signal optimization scenarios and reflected on its further development. This work not only provides theoretical guidelines and practical suggestions for researchers to use LIBS technology, but also has great significance for promoting the practical application of signal optimization.