Therapeutic Landscape of Diabetic Nephropathy: Insights from Long Noncoding RNAs

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of endstage renal disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in various biological processes, including those implicated in DN pathogenesis. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs in the context of DN, elucidating their roles as diagnostic markers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. Materials and methods: A systematic review of current literature was conducted, focusing on studies investigating the involvement of lncRNAs in DN pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions. The literature search was performed in Medline, Scopus, WOS, and PubMed databases. Key findings related to the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in DN progression and their modulation by pharmacological agents or gene therapy approaches were synthesized. Results: This extensive analysis examines the many functions of lncRNAs in DN, including their participation in crucial physiological mechanisms. The analysis systematically examines the abnormal functioning of certain lncRNAs in the progression of DN, with a focus on their possible use as indicators for diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, we examine the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate the course of DN. Conclusions: Understanding the intricate roles of lncRNAs in DN pathogenesis opens avenues for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. Targeting dysregulated lncRNAs holds considerable promise in mitigating DN progression and improving clinical outcomes for patients with diabetic kidney disease. Further research efforts are warranted to validate the clinical utility of lncRNA-based therapeutics in DN management.