Comprehensive survey of artificial intelligence techniques and strategies for climate change mitigation

With the galloping progress of the changing climates all around the world, Machine Learning (ML) approaches have been prevalently studied in many types of research in this area. ML is a robust tool for acquiring perspectives from data. In this paper, we elaborate on climate change mitigation issues and ML approaches leveraged to solve these issues and aid in the improvement and function of sustainable energy systems. ML has been employed in multiple applications and many scopes of climate subjects such as ecosystems, agriculture, buildings and cities, industry, and transportation. So, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is applied to explore and evaluate findings from related research. In this paper, we propose a novel taxonomy of Deep Learning (DL) method applications for climate change mitigation, a comprehensive analysis that has not been conducted before. We evaluated these methods based on critical parameters such as accuracy, scalability, and interpretability and quantitatively compared their results. This analysis provides new insights into the effectiveness and reliability of DL methods in addressing climate change challenges. We classified climate change ML methods into six key customizable groups: ecosystems, industry, buildings and cities, transportation, agriculture, and hybrid applications. Afterward, state-of-the-art research on ML mechanisms and applications for climate change mitigation issues has been highlighted. In addition, many problems and issues related to ML implementation for climate change have been mapped, which are predicted to stimulate more researchers to manage the future disastrous effects of climate change. Based on the findings, most of the papers utilized Python as the most common simulation environment 38.5 % of the time. In addition, most of the methods were analyzed and evaluated in terms of some parameters, namely accuracy, latency, adaptability, and scalability, respectively. Lastly, classification is the most frequent ML task within climate change mitigation, accounting for 40 % of the total. Furthermore, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the most widely utilized approach for a variety of applications.