Early Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes of Fournier Gangrene in a Tertiary Center

Introduction: Fournier gangrene is an uncommon urological emergency caused by microbial agents, resulting in necrosis of the genitalia and perineum. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of early diagnosis and management of Fournier gangrene at KAMC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at KAMC, Saudi Arabia. The study population included all adult patients diagnosed with Fournier gangrene between 2015 and 2022. Data analysis was performed using RStudio (RStudio, Boston, MA). Frequencies and percentages were used to present categorical data, while medians and interquartile ranges were used to express numerical variables. Results: The study included 41 patients with Fournier gangrene, the majority (95.12%) being male with a median age of 60 years. The most prevalent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (85.37%). Ten patients presented to the hospital with sepsis, two of whom were in shock. Within 90 days of admission, two of them had expired. This resulted in a 20% mortality rate among septic patients. The mean FGSI in patients who had died during hospital stays was approximately two times the mean in surviving patients (8.17 and 4.32, respectively). The most utilized imaging study was a CT scan (70.7%). Most patients had undergone multiple debridements (87.7%). The median number of debridements per patient was three, and the interval between each debridement was three days. The most frequent tissue culture finding was mixed organisms, followed by Escherichia coli. . Regarding empiric antibiotics, tazocin was the most used, accounting for 22.0%. The most frequently performed adjunctive procedure was the placement of a suprapubic catheter, accounting for 41.5%. Roughly 43.90% required a blood transfusion. Within 90 days of admission, six patients had died, which makes the mortality rate 14.6%. Four of them had died within 30 days of admission (9.76%). Conclusion: Fournier gangrene is a surgical emergency that requires prompt attention and resuscitation, antibiotic therapy, and surgical debridement. The study identified the demographic factors of patients who presented with the disease and provided the incidence, mortality rate, and outcomes of the disease. It also identified specifics of the pharmacological and surgical management and hospital courses.