Modulating Proliferation, Migration and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Interleukins

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are obtained from various tissue sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissues, umbilical cords, dental pulps, and peripheral blood has high regenerative potential, migratory abilities, and immunosuppressive properties. These properties make them attractive candidates for tissue engineering, immunosuppressive therapies, and in vivo drug deliveries. MSCs, because of their high propensity to home in an injured tissue microenvironment, are exposed to various cytokines. These cytokines modulate the activity of MSCs to help in the regeneration of injured tissue. Interleukins are one such cytokine that is present in injured tissue microenvironment and plays significant roles in the activation, differentiation, proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion of not only immune cells but also MSCs. Interleukins, through both autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms, modulate the functioning of MSCs. This article reviews how interleukins influence MSCs by discussing their signaling pathways, their effect on differentiation and other biological effects. A comprehensive understanding of the influence of interleukins on MSCs may provide insights to manipulate improving the therapeutic potential of MSCs or reducing potential risks such as undesirable immune response and tumor formation.