Risk and Sustainable tourism resilience in the Post Economic Crisis and COVID-19 pandemic period

The study aims to explore the resilience and adaptation of the tourism sector during economic and health crises, with a focus on specific events and their impact. The main objective is to contribute with valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on crisis management and sustainable practices within the tourism industry. Thus, it presents the dynamics of the tourism sector's resilience and adaptability amidst challenges, spotlighting the repercussions of the 2008- 2012 economic crisis and the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Through a theoretical analysis of tourism risk, the research asserts the industry's susceptibility to exogenous hazards, emphasizing the multi-level risks spanning from individual businesses to the broader tourism landscape. The study shows the distinct characteristics that differentiate the 2008-2012 economic-financial crisis, highlighting globalization's intricate interdependencies, and the consequential impact on public finances. The dynamics of the tourism sector is concluding during two major crises: the economic downturn of 2008-2012 and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic. Both crises have underscored the vulnerability of the tourism industry to external shocks, revealing the need for a resilient approach to withstand and adapt to unforeseen challenges. The study underscores the importance of resilience in the tourism sector, emphasizing its adaptive capacity in the face of diverse challenges. By highlighting the risks posed by economic downturns and health crises, the research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on sustainable tourism practices and crisis management.