Activation of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway disrupts insulin-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant obese mice

Oxidative stress and the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome have been linked to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In immune cells, the exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, by facilitating the interaction between thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and NLRP3. However, the precise role of ROS/TXNIP-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in skeletal muscle during obesity-induced insulin resistance remains undefined. Here, we induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice by feeding them for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) and explored whether the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway was involved in the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle fibers from insulin-resistant mice exhibited increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde levels, and altered peroxiredoxin 2 dimerization. Additionally, these fibers displayed augmented activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, accompanied by heightened ROS-dependent proximity between TXNIP and NLRP3, which was abolished by the antioxidant Nacetylcysteine (NAC). Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 or suppressing the ROS/TXNIP/ NLRP3 pathway with NAC restored insulin-dependent glucose uptake in muscle fibers from insulin-resistant mice. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic link between oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.