Innovations in tannery wastewater management: a review of zero liquid discharge technology

The tanning industry, a significant contributor to global leather production, faces critical challenges in wastewater management due to the hazardous pollutants generated during processing. Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) systems present a sustainable solution by efficiently treating and reusing wastewater while minimizing environmental impact. This study aims to explore the successful implementation of ZLD in the tannery industry, considering its economic and environmental benefits. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, this research assesses the factors contributing to ZLD success, potential barriers to widespread adoption, and future advancements in technology. Methodologies include analyzing existing ZLD implementations, evaluating cost analyses, and investigating potential advancements in ZLD technologies. Results demonstrate that while ZLD offers significant advantages in water conservation, resource recovery, and environmental protection, challenges such as high installation costs and technical complexities hinder widespread adoption. Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts from stakeholders, including tannery owners, regulatory bodies, and technology providers. Future directions suggest the need for ongoing research and development to enhance ZLD efficiency and cost-effectiveness. By embracing ZLD systems, tanneries can achieve sustainable wastewater management, conserve water resources, and meet environmental standards, thereby advancing towards an environmentally conscious and socially responsible business approach.