New-onset atrial fibrillation detected by ambulatory ECG monitoring after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the occurrence of subclinical new -onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). AIMS: We aimed to evaluate the incidence, predictors, and clinical impact of subclinical NOAF after TAVI. METHODS: This was a multicentre study, including patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and no previous atrial fibrillation undergoing TAVI, with continuous ambulatory electrocardiogram (AECG) monitoring after TAVI. RESULTS: A total of 700 patients (79 +/- 8 years, 49% female, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 2.9% [1.9-4.0]) undergoing transarterial TAVI were included (85% balloon -expandable valves). AECG was started 1 (0-1) day after TAVI (monitoring time: 14 [12-14] days). NOAF was detected in 49 patients (7%), with a median duration of 185 (43-421) minutes (atrial fibrillation burden of 0.7% [0.3-2.8]). Anticoagulation was started in 25 NOAF patients (51%). No differences were found in baseline or procedural characteristics, except for a higher AS severity in the NOAF group (peak gradient: no NOAF: 71.9 +/- 23.5 mmHg vs NOAF: 85.2 +/- 23.8 mmHg; p=0.024; mean gradient: no NOAF: 44.4 +/- 14.7 mmHg vs NOAF: 53.8 +/- 16.8 mmHg; p=0.004). In the multivariable analysis, the baseline mean transaortic gradient was associated with a higher risk of NOAF after TAVI (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.06 for each mmHg; p=0.006). There were no differences between groups in all -cause mortality (no NOAF: 4.7% vs NOAF: 0%; p=0.122), stroke (no NOAF: 1.4% vs NOAF: 2.0%; p=0.723), or bleeding (no NOAF: 1.9% vs NOAF: 4.1%; p=0.288) from the 30 -day to 1 -year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: NOAF detected with AECG occurred in 7% of TAVI recipients and was associated with a higher AS severity. NOAF detection determined the start of anticoagulation therapy in about half of the patients, and it was not associated with an increased risk of clinical events at 1 -year follow-up.