Assessment of Salt, Potassium, and Iodine Intake in the Croatian Adult Population Using 24 h Urinary Collection: The EH-UH 2 Study

被引：2

作者：

Glavic, Mihaela Marinovic ^{[1
]}

Bilajac, Lovorka ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Boljesic, Marta ^{[4
]}

Bubas, Marija ^{[5
,6
]}

Capak, Krunoslav ^{[5
]}

Domislovic, Marija ^{[7
,8
]}

Dzakula, Aleksandar ^{[9
]}

Fucek, Mirjana ^{[10
]}

Gellineo, Lana ^{[7
]}

Jelakovic, Ana ^{[1
,7
]}

Josipovic, Josipa ^{[11
,12
]}

Jukic, Tomislav ^{[8
,13
]}

Juraga, Denis ^{[1
]}

Pecin, Ivan ^{[8
,14
]}

Prelevic, Vladimir ^{[7
,15
]}

Radunovic, Danilo ^{[7
,15
]}

Reiner, Zeljko ^{[14
,16
]}

Rukavina, Tomislav ^{[1
,3
]}

Susnjara, Petar ^{[17
]}

Vasiljev, Vanja ^{[1
]}

Vidranski, Valentina ^{[18
]}

Jelakovic, Bojan ^{[7
,8
,19
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Rijeka, Fac Med, Dept Social Med & Epidemiol, Rijeka 51000, Croatia

[2] Univ Rijeka, Fac Hlth Studies, Dept Publ Hlth, Rijeka 51000, Croatia

[3] Teaching Inst Publ Hlth Primorje Gorski Kotar Cty, Rijeka 51000, Croatia

[4] Univ Osijek, Fac Med, Dept Anat & Neurosci, Osijek 31000, Croatia

[5] Croatian Inst Publ Hlth, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[6] Minist Hlth, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[7] Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Nephrol Hypertens Dialysis & Transplantat, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[8] Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[9] Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Andrija Stampar Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social Med & Org Hlth Care, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[10] Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Dept Lab Diagnost, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[11] Sestre Milosrdnice Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Nephrol & Dialysis, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[12] Catholic Univ Croatia, Sch Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[13] Sestre Milosrdnice Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Oncol & Nucl Med, Zagreb, Croatia

[14] Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Dept Metab Dis, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[15] Clin Ctr Montenegro, Clin Nephrol, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro

[16] Polish Mothers Mem Hosp Res Inst, Dept Cardiol & Congenital Dis Adults, PL-93338 Lodz, Poland

[17] Josip Juraj Strossmayer Univ Osijek, Fac Kinesiol Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia

[18] Sestre Milosrdnice Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Clin Chem, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

[19] Croatian Hypertens League, Zagreb 10000, Croatia

来源：

NUTRIENTS | 2024年 / 16卷 / 16期

关键词：

salt; sodium; potassium; iodine; 24 h urine; population-based study; HEALTH; INTERSALT; SODIUM;

D O I：

10.3390/nu16162599

中图分类号：

R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];

学科分类号：

100403 ;

摘要：

Cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in Croatia, are linked to the high prevalence of hypertension. Both are associated with high salt intake, which was determined almost two decades ago when Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH) was launched. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate salt, potassium, and iodine intake using a single 24 h urine sample in a random sample of the adult Croatian population and to analyse trends in salt consumption after the CRASH was intensively started. Methods: In this study, we analysed data on 1067 adult participants (mean age 57.12 (SD 13.9), men 35%). Results: Mean salt and potassium intakes were 8.6 g/day (IQR 6.2-11.2) and 2.8 g/day (IQR 2.1-3.5), respectively, with a sodium-to-potassium ratio of 2.6 (IQR 1.8-3.3). We detected a decrease of 17.6% (2 g/day less) in salt consumption compared with our previous salt-mapping study. However, only 13.7% and 8.9% met the WHO salt and potassium recommended targets of 5 g/day and 3.5 g/day, respectively. Salt intake was higher, and potassium ingestion was lower, in rural vs. urban regions and in continental vs. Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Moderate to severe iodine insufficiency was determined in only 3% of the adult participants. Conclusion: In the last fifteen years, salt consumption has been significantly reduced in the Croatian adult population because of the intensive and broad CRASH program. However, salt intake is still too high, and potassium ingestion is too low. Salt reduction programs are the most cost-effective methods of cardiovascular disease prevention and merit greater consideration by the government and health policy makers.

引用

页数：19