Serum Myostatin is Associated With Central-to-Peripheral Arterial Stiffness Gradient in Healthy Adolescents: The MACISTE Study

BACKGROUND Myostatin is a protein compound, structurally related to the transforming growth factor-beta protein, which plays a pivotal role in regulating muscle growth and extracellular matrix production. It exerts both profibrotic and antihypertrophic effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Aim of the study was to explore the potential association between serum myostatin levels (sMSTN) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV), and their ratio (PWVr), in a cohort of healthy adolescents.METHODS A cohort of 128 healthy subjects (mean age 17 +/- 2 years, 59% male) was randomly selected from participants to the MACISTE (Metabolic And Cardiovascular Investigation at School, TErni) study. sMSTN was assessed utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PWVs were measured in the supine position using high-fidelity applanation tonometry.RESULTS The mean cf-PWV was 5.1 +/- 0.9 m/s, cr-PWV was 6.9 +/- 0.9 m/s, and PWVr was 0.75 +/- 0.12. PWVr exhibited a linear increase across increasing quartiles of sMSTN (0.71 +/- 0.1, 0.74 +/- 0.1, 0.7 +/- 0.1, 0.77 +/- 0.1, P for trend = 0.03), whereas the association between sMSTN and each single component of PWVr (cf-PWV, cr-PWV) did not attain statistical significance. Quartiles of sMSTN displayed a positive trend with serum HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01) and a negative one with LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01). In a multivariate linear model, the association between PWVr and sMSTN was independent of SBP values, age, sex, heart rate, BMI, HDL-cholesterol, and HOMA IndexCONCLUSIONS In healthy adolescents, sMSTN showed independent associations with PWVr, a measure of central-to-peripheral arterial stiffness gradient. sMSTN may exert differential effects on the structural and functional properties of the arterial wall. Graphical Abstract In a cohort of healthy Italian adolescents from the MACISTE (Metabolic Metabolic And Cardiovascular Investigation at School, TErni) study, the relationship between quartiles of serum myostatin levels was found as positive, although it did not reach statistical significance, for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and negative for carotid-radial pulse wave velocity. The relationship of PWV ratio, which is the ratio between these two latter measures, is positive and significant at the level of P = 0.03.