A Novel Persian Herbal Syrups: Preventive and Curative Effects of Syrup Formulation of Achillea. millefolium L. against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Rats

Background: The urinary system is afflicted by urolithiasis, which stands as the third most common disabling disorder. The application of herbal plants is a widespread practice there is an increasing interest in research in this domain to establish scientific reasons for their beneficial properties. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the novel syrup formulations of Achillea millefolium against urolithiasis. Materials and Methods: The two suspensions of A. millefolium, i.e., ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared. The 36 male Wistar rats were divided to six groups, i.e., group A (control), and ethylene glycol (EG) 1%-induced nephrolithiasis (groups B to F). The curative (C and D) and preventive (E and F) groups received 300 mg/kg body weight extracts orally from day 15 and first, respectively. After 28 days, the serum and urine samples, as well as, kidneys were taken for analysis and histopathologically for counting the calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposits, respectively. Results: Serum parameters such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid of group B rats were increased significantly in comparison to normal rats (P<0.001) and extracts-treated groups (C to F). Also, our results indicated marked (P<0.05) reductions in urinary oxalate, phosphate, and calcium in A. millefolium-treated rats; however, urine citrate in rats of group B was significantly reduced compared with other groups. Also, compared with group B, histopathological examinations revealed CaOx deposit reduction in groups C to F (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results of our study show that the treatment of rats with A. millefolium extracts had curative, as well as preventive properties on EG-induced kidney stones. [GMJ.2024;13:e3317] DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v13i.3317