Testicular Cells Derived Conditioned Medium Supports Germ Cell Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Objective: There are ethical and technical challenges in studying human germ cell development. Therefore, the aim of the study is in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), as pluripotent cells, to the germ cells which is a valuable tool for studying molecular and cellular aspects of gametogenesis and understanding causes of infertility. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, two different complete media [Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)+20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and embryoid bodies (EBs) medium; KOSR/HES without basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)] were used in the both of test groups using testicular cells derived conditioned medium (TCCM) and control groups spontaneously differentiated (SD). Thereby, EBs from hESCs (Yazd2; 46XY) were cultured in different conditions EB medium; EB medium and conditioned EB medium; EB medium, DMEM, and FBS without conditioning; EB medium, conditioned DMEM, and FBS medium. EBs were collected after 4, 7, and 14 days and their gene expression profiles were assessed and compared to hESCs, as day 0, using IF and relative reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: An increase in the gametogenesis gene expression level in TCCM groups was showed in comparison with SD groups. Additionally, immunostaining of differentiated cells in all groups showed in vitro gametogenesis (IVG). Conclusion: Our findings showed that human TCCM could be used as a natural niche for in vitro male and female germ cell development. However, further studies are needed to define the factors and metabolites within the human TCCM.