Knowledge and Awareness of Osteoporosis and Its Risk Factors Among the Adult Population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Osteoporosis is a medical condition that affects the bones, causing them to become weak and fragile. People with osteoporosis are at a higher risk for fractures, resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Despite its high prevalence worldwide, osteoporosis remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, leading to significant public health concerns, especially in Saudi Arabia. Material and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire assess the level of awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors among the adult population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was distributed to a diverse, representative sample of 232 adults in Jeddah, covering demographic data, knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors, and lifestyle practices related to prevention and management. Data were analyzed using IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp., employing descriptive analysis, cross tabulation, and chi-square tests to evaluate knowledge levels and associated factors. Results: A total of 232 eligible adults participated, with a mean age of 35.6 +/- 8.7 years. Most participants, (98.3%), had heard of osteoporosis, and 137 (59.1%) had good overall knowledge of the disease. Key risk factors identified included calcium deficiency (210, 90.5%), increasing age (171, 73.7%), and family history (136, 58.6%). Although most participants accurately identified common risk factors, only 10.8% of participants consistently practiced a healthy and active lifestyle, highlighting the gap between awareness and preventive behaviors. Our study showed that gender (p-value = 0.049), educational level (p-value = 0.044), and whether the participant was diagnosed with or knew someone diagnosed with osteoporosis (p value = 0.045) were statistically significant factors associated with the overall level of knowledge of osteoporosis in the participants. Conclusions: This study emphasized the need for targeted interventions to improve knowledge and promote healthier lifestyle habits among adults in Jeddah to reduce the burden of osteoporosis. Future efforts should focus on bridging the gap between awareness and preventive actions, emphasizing the importance of healthy lifestyle habits and knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors.