Revolutionizing drug delivery: Exploring the impact of advanced 3D printing technologies on polymer-based systems

Over the last decade, the landscape of drug delivery has witnessed a profound transformation with the advent of 3D printing technology. This revolutionary approach has not only altered the traditional paradigms but has also introduced novel possibilities in the pharmaceutical domain. In this context, our comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted realm of 3D printing technologies, emphasizing their crucial role in reshaping drug delivery systems. The journey begins with a meticulous exploration of the historical trajectory and chronological development of 3D printing, gradually unfolding into a detailed examination of various methodologies. As we traverse this evolutionary path, we dissect their diverse applications, ranging from crafting personalized medicines to engineering advanced release systems and implantable devices. Within this narrative, we critically evaluate the spectrum of materials intricately intertwined with 3D printing, focusing on hydrogels, aerogels, patches, and composites instrumental in drug-loaded formulations. Furthermore, our review addresses the recent applications of 3D printing technologies in printing different types of drugs including tablets, capsules, implants, orodispersible films, patches and other forms of loaded drugs. Highlighting the formidable challenges posed by regulatory concerns, scalability, and reproducibility, offering insights into prospective future directions and emerging trends.