Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in forensic analysis

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a modern analytical technique that can be used to determine the structure and composition of analyzed specimens at the molecular level. This technique is also minimally invasive and destructive. This and other advantages of SERS against traditional techniques used in forensics make it the ideal method for the identification of bodily fluids, soil constituents, drugs and chemicals, and colorants on or in hair, fabric, and paints. In this article, we first introduce the reader to the fundamental physical properties of SERS. Next, we discuss the most recent findings that are focused on SERS-based analyses of physical evidence related to forensics research. Finally, we provide a critical overview of where the future of SERS should be in forensics science.