Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis With Grade I Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Retrospective Study With a Minimum 1-Year Follow-up

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Decompression without fusion is a surgical option for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). However, the outcomes of full-endoscopic decompression remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of lumbar full-endoscopic decompression for spinal stenosis with grade I DS. METHODS: A total 43 patients with LSS with grade I DS who underwent lumbar full-endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression and were followed up for a minimum of 1 year were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographic characteristics, operative details, radiological images, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Pain, evaluated using the visual analog scale, was significantly reduced in patients undergoing full-endoscopic decompression in both the leg and back; the Oswestry Disability Index scores also improved (P < .001). MacNab's outcome classification was excellent or good in 95% of patients. One patient eventually needed the fusion surgery, and two patients required further diskectomy surgery because of recurrent symptoms. During follow-up, an increase in the vertebral slip was observed in 46.5% of the patients, but it was not statistically significant (P = .46). The progression of DS, defined as percentage of slip >5%, was observed only in 7% of the patients. An increase in vertebral slip was not associated with the clinical outcomes. There was no difference in radiological outcomes, such as angular motion (P = .36) and translation (P = .13), compared with the preoperative state. The operation did not exacerbate spinal instability. Rather, fewer patients had spinal instability postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic decompression alone has comparably good clinical outcomes with those of other surgical techniques in patients with LSS and DS. Few postoperative spinal instability occurred. Rather, the number of patients with instability decreased postoperatively. Full-endoscopic decompression may be a treatment option for patients with grade 1 DS.