Dietary polyamine intake lowers the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality: Follow-up of the Korean National health and nutrition Examination survey 2007-2015

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between dietary polyamine intake and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in Korean population. Methods: A total of 37,715 participants were included in a population-based cohort study. Dietary polyamine intake (mu mol/d) were calculated using the average spermidine and spermine content (mu mol/g) and daily consumed food components (mg/d) from 12 food groups. Cox proportional hazards examined associations between dietary polyamine and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Results: Among the participants, 2,080 all-cause and 483 CVD-related deaths occurred. The lowest risk of allcause and CVD-related mortality was found in the highest tertile of fruit, vegetables, legume, nut and seafood-derived spermidine and spermine intake, after adjusting covariates. The relationship between dietary polyamine intake and all-cause and CVD-related mortality was more pronounced in men and older individuals than in their counterparts. Conclusions: Higher intake of mediterranean-like diet derived polyamine was associated with lower CVD-related and all-cause mortality in Korean adults.