Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of jaw bones: a case series

BackgroundFibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion, a skeletal developmental anomaly of the bone-forming mesenchyme. The diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions, particularly those of the jaw bones, poses significant challenges to clinicians and pathologists since it requires a correlation of clinical, radiological, histological, and surgical findings. Accurate and specific diagnosis is crucial as treatment modalities differ with different fibro-osseous lesions.MethodsThis retrospective analysis presents a case series of a rare condition of monostotic FD in the maxillofacial region affecting jaw bones diagnosed and/or treated over period of 10 years.ResultsFive cases of monostotic FD were diagnosed and treated between a period of 2013 and 2023. The cases from the 2nd to 8th decade were included in the analysis with equal involvement of males and females. Out of five cases, four cases were involving maxilla and 1 showed involvement of mandible.ConclusionFD is a rare entity affecting the jaw bones which often lead to disfigurement of face. Early detection is warranted to decrease potential complications. In addition, genetic analysis could help in understanding the occurrence in certain population. Fibrous dysplasia presents clinically in varied forms which may appear as the collision of different pathologic processes.We present a case series of a rare condition of monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the maxillofacial region affecting jaw bones- over the period of 10 years of an institutional database.We discussed the present knowledge on fibrous dysplasia, emphasizing the need to understand its clinical, radiographic, and histological characteristics, as well as essential aspects relevant to differential diagnosis and patient management.