Clinical Outcome after Endoscopic Facet Denervation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Purpose Several studies have reported that low back pain has a high prevalence among the population, with up to 85%. Percutaneous radiofrequency facet denervation (PRFD) is the gold standard of today's rhizotomy for chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, previously published studies present controversial results for the efficacy of PRFD. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the use of endoscopic facet joint denervation (EFJD) to treat chronic low back pain and to identify potential risk factors that could limit indications for surgery. Material and Methods We retrospectively included 31 eligible patients into the study with at least 24 months of CLBP. All patients underwent EFJD and had to complete ODI, COMI, EQ-5D and VRS scores postoperatively, with a minimum follow up of 12 months. Basic patient data was recorded to analyse correlations. Results We found a significant improvement in all clinical scores measured, such as ODI, COMI, EQ-5D and VRS scores. While the best result was found at the 3 months follow-up, a slight deterioration was found at 12 months follow-up. However, significant benefit was observed when compared to preoperative scores. 28/31 patients (93.3%) reported reduced pain at 12 months follow-up and were satisfied with the procedure. Older age and psychiatric precondition were identified as potential risk factors associated with poorer outcome. Postoperative complications such as haematoma, a sensibility disorder and temporary low extremity muscular weakness were rarely observed. Conclusion EFJD showed significant improvement of the clinical outcome scores and VRS when compared to preoperative results of patients, with a minimum of 12 months of CLBP prior to surgery. Older patients and patients with a psychiatric precondition seem to benefit less from the procedure.