Alternative Sources of Raw Materials for the Ceramic Industry through Granite Waste Recycling: A Case Study from Buddusò, Sardinia, Italy

The sourcing of raw materials is becoming an increasingly concerning issue for the European Union, which is adopting a series of strategies aimed at mitigating the dependence on third countries for procurement. The supply of feldspars, for instance, which is significant within the ceramic industry, raises concerns due to heavy reliance on third countries. Therefore, it is imperative to identify potential alternative sources for procurement, including the recycling of waste from the extraction of ornamental granite rocks enriched in such minerals. The Sardinia region in Italy, once a global leader in granite extraction, has now witnessed a significant reduction in production due to intense competition worldwide, resulting in severe economic repercussions. Additionally, traces of this period remain in the territory in the form of enormous quantities of extraction waste, defacing the landscape and posing potential environmental issues. This study is part of a broader research initiative aimed at identifying a physical process to concentrate rare earth element (REE) minerals from granite waste in a quarry located in Buddus & ograve;, Sardinia. The specific objective of this study is to analyze the whole rock composition, crushing powder, and the diamagnetic by-products generated by gravity and magnetic separations to identify potential applications for their use.