The hypoglycemic potential of Syzygium cordatum (Hochst. ex Krauss.) extracts; in vitro analysis and in silico modelling

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic dysfunction characterized by hyperglycemia. T2DM is a growing global epidemic with diffuse complications, including a high mortality rate. High blood sugar can be lowered by impeding the activities of pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidase enzymes. Although there are a number of orthodox medications used in the management of hyperglycemia, medicinal plants remain a veritable option in many cultures of the world owing to their overall efficacy and affordability. This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic potential of Syzygium cordatum leaf extract fractions in the retardation of pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidase enzymes in vitro. The bioactive components of the active fractions were identified using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and their potential hypoglycemic properties were assessed using the molecular in silico modelling approach. The in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of S. cordatum revealed that the organic solvent fractions retarded the digestive enzymes considerably although the standard drug (acarbose) had the least half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Analytical and computational analysis identified the potential of cubenol, to interact with important residues of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase emphasizing its hypoglycemic potential. The result of this study revealed that S. cordatum is a rich source of pharmacologically important bioactive compounds with a remarkable capacity to retard alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes. Cubenol was identified as an efficient and safe hypoglycemic agent of S. cordatum. (c) 2024 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.