Analysis of Changes and Diagnostic Value of Doppler Ultrasound Parameters in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury after Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Background: Early diagnosis of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial. This study investigated the changes and early diagnostic value of Doppler ultrasound parameters in patients with AKI after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Methods: This study retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 198 patients with LRP undergoing Doppler ultrasound from May 2020 to May 2022. The incidence of AKI after LRP was measured based on diagnostic criteria of AKI developed by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. The patients were divided into AKI group (n = 12) and non-AKI group (n = 186) in accordance with the presence or absence of AKI. This study compared changes in Doppler ultrasound parameters between two groups, and evaluated the clinical efficacy of single and combined diagnosis of ultrasound parameters using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). Results: Twelve patients experienced postoperative AKI, with an incidence rate of 6.06%. No significant difference was found in baseline data, serum creatinine (Scr), urinary output and blood potassium levels of both groups (p p > 0.05). The urinary output 1 day after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery (p p < 0.05). The AKI group demonstrated higher pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) of the renal interlobar artery than the non-AKI group (p p < 0.05), with no significant difference in peak systolic velocity (PSV) in both groups (p p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the Doppler ultrasound parameters of renal segmental artery and main renal artery (p p > 0.05). The AUCs in the PI of the renal interlobar artery, the RI of the renal interlobar artery, and the combined diagnosis were 0.720, 0.704 and 0.724, respectively. ROC curve showed that the above two Doppler ultrasound parameters had good diagnostic efficacy for AKI after LRP (p p < 0.05). Conclusions: The PI and RI of renal interlobar artery in the AKI group after LRP were significantly different from those in the non-AKI group. These two Doppler ultrasound parameters had good diagnostic efficacy in the early identification of AKI after LRP. Thus, they could provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.