Recent advancements in solar photovoltaic tracking systems: An in-depth review of technologies, performance metrics, and future trends

Solar tracking systems (TS) improve the efficiency of photovoltaic modules by dynamically adjusting their orientation to follow the path of the sun. The target of this paper is, therefore, to give an extensive review of the technical and economic aspects of the solar TS, covering the design aspects, difficulties, and prospects. The paper presented a comprehensive review of the TSs, which are single axis, dual axis, and others with contrasting results, efficiency, cost and useful for which type of applications. During the literature review carried out in the current study, several of the highlights presented the most progressive technological developments, such as AI and sophisticated sensors. Further, the investigation was carried out to consider feasibility by the cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, and incentive points of view. Concerning the identifiable environmental effects of the systems and sustainability, the paper also addresses the merits. The article shows that single-axis tracking systems (SATS) are expected to be somewhat less efficient than their two-axis counterparts (DATS). Hybrid and innovative tracking systems offer the best of both worlds in terms of performance and cost. Investment returns and benefits from higher energy production and potential subsidies can offset the high capital investment. The study also showed that advanced tracking system design and optimization techniques using advanced AI and machine learning techniques are critical to the accuracy and reliability of solar tracking systems. They are suitable for predictive maintenance and real-time monitoring, which improves system performance and reduces operating costs.