Performance analysis of an SPD integrated with a stepped pyramid solar still: experimental study

Water scarcity poses a major challenge for the next generation. Additionally, increasing agricultural and industrial activities are creating an unprecedented demand for freshwater supplies throughout Egypt. The Nile River serves as Egypt's primary water source, accounting for 69.4% of the total water resources. Moreover, Egypt's annual share of water has decreased to approximately 500 m3 per person because of the completion of the Renaissance dam in Ethiopia and the rapid increase in population growth. Solar distillation has been presented as a long-term and promising method for producing edible drinkable water. The present research goal is to increase the daily freshwater output from a stepped pyramid solar still (SPSS) by coupling with a solar parabolic dish (SPD). The proposed system consists of a conventional pyramid solar still (CPSS) and a modified pyramid solar still (MPSS). The main components of an MPSS include an SPSS, a PV panel, an SPD with a spiral coil, a circulating pump, and an Arduino Mega Unit. The developed system was designed, fabricated, and verified from July to August 2023 at the Faculty Engineering, South Valley University. The results of the experiments indicated that the daily productivity of freshwater from MPSS was greater than that from CPSS and reached 6038 and 2612 mL/day, respectively, with an increase in the daily yield of 131%. The peak energy efficiency is 56% for the MPSS and 24% for the CPSS. The peak exergy efficiency is 4.26% for the MPSS and 3.79% for the CPSS. Additionally, the cost analysis of the suggested system revealed that the estimated cost per liter of the proposed system is 0.01635 USD/L.