Comprehensive Analysis of Navigational Accidents Using the MAART Method: A Novel Examination of Human Error Probability in Maritime Collisions and Groundings

Navigational accidents are one of the most common types of maritime accidents, and they can result from various factors, including human error, adverse weather conditions, technical issues with the ship, or a combination of these factors. In this study, navigational accidents, including collision and grounding, that occurred in Germany were analysed using the MAART method. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed examination of the Human Error Probability (HEP) result, which has yet to be explored in previous studies. There are 47 collision cases and 15 grounding cases in the 13-year occurrence period. In total, 290 causal factors were found in the analysis. Furthermore, it is found that management, media, and machines are the main causal factors in navigational accidents in Germany. In collision accidents, management factors had the highest number of contributing factors, followed by media and machine e factors. Contrary to grounding accidents, based on the results of the EPC, the machine factor had the highest number of contributing factors to accidents, followed by media and management. Finally, the human error probability values for collision accidents range from 0.06 to 1, averaging 0.54. In contrast, the HEP values for grounding accidents range from 0.0048 to 1, averaging 0.26.