Comparative prognosis analysis of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma versus serous carcinoma: Insights from the SEER database

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify survival rates and potential prognos-tic factors of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), offering valuable insights for clinical decision making. Methods: Leveraging the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) da-tabase, we selected 11 078 serous carcinoma (SC) patients and 198 OSCC patients based on predetermined criteria diagnosed from 2000 to 2020. We compared the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) before and after propensity score matching (PSM) in two groups. Prognostic differences were also compared be-tween OSCC and SC groups at different stages. Univariate and multivariate Cox re-gression analyses were performed to investigate the impact of clinical and pathologic variables on the survival of patients with OSCC. Finally, we developed and validated a nomogram predictive model. Results: OSCC tumors exhibited distinct characteristics, being relatively larger, more frequently unilateral, and better differentiated than SC tumors. After PSM, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly lower survival rates for OSCC patients in Stages IIB-IV, while Stages IA-IC displayed comparable survival. Independent risk factors for OSCC patients included advanced age, single marital status, higher tumor stage, and increased tumor size. Conversely, higher median household income and chemo-therapy emerged as independent protective factors. Our predictive model and nomo-gram accurately forecasted patient survival rates in both SEER and internal validation datasets. Conclusion: OSCC patients face significantly poorer prognosis than their SC counter-parts, except in the very early stages. Higher median household income was associ-ated with better OSCC survival