A Survey of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Wind Energy Forecasting

Renewable energy forecasting, such as Wind and Solar forecasting, is becoming more critical as the demand for clean energy increases. Thus, it is crucial to enhance the accuracy of wind power predictions to ensure electrical energy system's efficient, reliable, and safe operation. Research on wind forecasting has increased dramatically over the past 10 years due to the success of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies like machine learning and deep learning. Despite their potential, AI approaches are fraught with uncertainties. It remains unclear how certain factors may influence the accuracy of AI algorithm predictions. This study reviews AI applications in Wind energy forecasting, aiming to provide an analysis of (1) AI-based structures and optimizers for Wind forecasting, (2) forecast performance evaluation for Deterministic and Probabilistic techniques.