The Influence of Syzygium aromaticum Ethanolic Extract Against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our study verified Syzygium aromaticum (clove) ethanolic extract phytochemical composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to assess clove extract possible impact on glucose status, liver and kidney functions, and oxidative stress in diabetic model. Dry Syzygium aromaticum buds obtained from the market, grinded, extracted by 70% ethanol. Thirty two adult male rats were classified into four groups (8per each). Controls (CG), Syzygium aromaticum group (SAG): rats received (500 mg/kg b.wt.) clove ethanolic extract, Diabetic rats (DG): injected with Streptozotocin [STZ, 75 mg/kg b.wt. (a single dose)], intraperitoneally (IP). Diabetic treated group (DSA): rats injected with STZ as in (DG) group and at the eighth day rats were treated with the ethanolic extract of clove as in (SAG) group. Animals were sacrificed after 14 days. Glucose level, liver enzymes, amylase activity, kidney function tests, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin and total protein (TP) levels were measured. Also, the body weights of each rat were determined throughout the experimental period. Administration of STZ increased glucose level, hepatic markers, urea, creatinine, and MDA levels. Conversely, serum TAC, albumin, TP and alpha-amylase activity were significantly decreased. All the aforementioned parameters were improved due to the treatment of diabetic rats with clove ethanolic extract. Clove extract could be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetic models.