Impact of body mass index and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes on periodontal health in Chinese women with PCOS and periodontitis

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) subtypes on periodontal parameters in Chinese women with PCOS and periodontitis. Method: We conducted a retrospective case-control study analyzing data from 88 women with PCOS and 82 healthy controls. Participants were categorized by BMI (<24.0 kg/m(2)and >= 24.0 kg/m(2)) and PCOS subtypes. We compared periodontal parameters [including probing depth (PD), gingival bleeding index (GBI)] and reproductive hormone-related parameters. Results: Women with PCOS and periodontitis had a significantly higher GBI (2.71 +/- 0.53) compared to controls (2.25 +/- 0.41, p < 0.0001). Among patients with BMI <24.0 kg/m(2), those with PCOS had a younger age [25.00(5.00) vs. 26.00(6.00) years, p < 0.05], lower PD [3.24(0.55) mm vs. 3.43 (0.48) mm, p < 0.01], and higher GBI [2.63(0.76) vs. 2.23(0.55), p < 0.0001]. For BMI >= 24.0 kg/m(2), PCOS patients had a higher GBI [2.91(0.36) vs. 2.38(0.59), p < 0.01] but a lower percentage of severe periodontal disease (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PCOS could potentially worsen gingival inflammation among women already suffering from periodontitis, and a higher BMI might further intensify this correlation.