Simultaneous extraction and derivatization of biogenic amines during in-situ deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase extraction from Doogh samples prior to HPLC analysis

A simple and efficient microwave-assisted extraction method using deep eutectic solvent was developed for the simultaneous analysis of four biogenic amines (putrescine, tyramine, cadaverine and histamine) in Doogh (yogurt-based beverage) samples. Important parameters like precipitating agent volume, vortexing time, microwave power, and exposure time were optimized. Zinc sulfate was utilized for proteins precipitation prior to extraction of analytes with the deep eutectic solvent choline chloride/p-anisidine. p-anisidine. The analytes were derivatized with dansyl chloride and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The method showed good linearity (r2 2 >= 0.994) over wide ranges with low limits of detection (0.52-0.78 ng mL-1)- 1 ) and quantification (1.7-2.5 ng mL-1).- 1 ). Extraction recoveries ranged from 68-72 % and relative standard <= 8.1 %. Negligible matrix effects were observed. When the method was applied to real Doogh samples and several biogenic amines were detected. The developed method provided reliable results in terms of sensitivity and selectivity.