Operation of smart distribution networks by considering the spatial-temporal flexibility of data centers and battery energy storage systems

This paper proposes a new framework for Smart Distribution Networks (SDN) operation by leveraging data centers' spatial-temporal flexibility. Combining this flexibility with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BES) capabilities can create a more robust and practical solution for real-world grid management challenges. Reducing the power exchange with the upstream network during peak hours is critical to reduce total losses. The proposed framework shows a 24.61 % reduction in power exchange with the upstream network during peak hours, resulting in a 39.71 % reduction in total loss compared to normal operation. In addition, managing the uncertainty of renewable energy resource generation and load demand using the robust optimization method has been one of the main goals of this work. Finally, the study utilizes sensitivity analysis to identify the most optimal placement of data centers and BES units within the power grid, maximizing the benefits of this integrated approach. Sensitivity analysis on data centers and BES locations identified optimal locations on buses 15, 25, 33 and 2, 8, 23, 28, respectively. The results show that this strategic placement will reduce total losses by 12 % more than the proposed framework.