Influence the foliar application of smoke-water and Fe, Zn, Ti nanoparticles on some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.)

This research has investigated the effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles (zinc, iron, titanium) and smoke-water on some growth and physiological characteristics of the medicinal plant sage. A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomised complete block design with three replications in the research greenhouse of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Iran, over two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022. The first factor included foliar spraying of nanoparticles of Fe, Zn, Ti with two levels: 0 and 50 mg l(-1). The second factor was foliar spraying using smoke-water with two levels of 0.5 and 1 mg l(-1). Treatments were applied in three stages after graft establishment. Results indicated that the highest stem dry weight (68.477 g) occurred with 0.5 mg l(-1)smoke-water without nanoparticles. At 0 mg l(-1) smoke-water, titanium (64.493 g) and iron (65.193 g) nanoparticles yielded the highest stem weights. Application of 0.5 mg l(-1) of smoked water improved the dry weight of leaves and stems. Foliar spraying of 50 mg l(-1) of zinc and titanium nanoparticles also increased growth characteristics and chlorophyll content of sage leaves. In both cuttings, different concentrations affected some growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigments of sage plants.