Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is estimated to rank as the third most important disease burden worldwide. About 60% of the survivors develop chronic headaches and visual symptoms, and the long-term management of headaches in these patients is controversial. Importantly, the care pathway of most patients is fragmented, complicating conclusive headache management. Here we review the epidemiology and aetiology of post traumatic headaches (PTH), discuss the diagnostic work up and summarise the acute and long-term management.
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VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pain Management, 11301 Wilshire Blvd,W117, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA
UCLA David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Phys Med & Rehabil, Los Angeles, CA USAVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pain Management, 11301 Wilshire Blvd,W117, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA
Nanda, Udai
Zhang, Grace
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UCLA David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Phys Med & Rehabil, Los Angeles, CA USAVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pain Management, 11301 Wilshire Blvd,W117, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA
Zhang, Grace
Underhill, David
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UCLA David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Phys Med & Rehabil, Los Angeles, CA USAVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pain Management, 11301 Wilshire Blvd,W117, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA
Underhill, David
Pangarkar, Sanjog
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UCLA David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Phys Med & Rehabil, Los Angeles, CA USA
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pain Management, Los Angeles, CA USAVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pain Management, 11301 Wilshire Blvd,W117, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA
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Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Lucas, Sylvia
Hoffman, Jeanne M.
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Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Hoffman, Jeanne M.
Bell, Kathleen R.
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Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Bell, Kathleen R.
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Walker, William
Dikmen, Sureyya
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Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Neurol Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Bedford VA, VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence Res & Evaluat Ctr, Bedford, MA USABedford VA, VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence Res & Evaluat Ctr, Bedford, MA USA
Ney, J. P.
Fenton, B. T.
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VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence Res & Evaluat Ctr, Orange, CT USABedford VA, VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence Res & Evaluat Ctr, Bedford, MA USA
Fenton, B. T.
Seng, E. K.
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Yeshiva Univ, Bronx, NY USABedford VA, VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence Res & Evaluat Ctr, Bedford, MA USA
Seng, E. K.
Sico, J. J.
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Yale Sch Med, Headache Ctr Excellence Res & Evaluat Ctr, VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Orange, CT USABedford VA, VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Headache Ctr Excellence Res & Evaluat Ctr, Bedford, MA USA
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Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, NSICU Neurocrit Care Program, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USAUniv Cincinnati, Med Ctr, NSICU Neurocrit Care Program, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA
Losiniecki, Andrew
Shutter, Lori
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Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, NSICU Neurocrit Care Program, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USAUniv Cincinnati, Med Ctr, NSICU Neurocrit Care Program, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA
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Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 30 Hope Dr,EC 110, Hershey, PA 17033 USAPenn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 30 Hope Dr,EC 110, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
Davanzo, Justin R.
Sieg, Emily P.
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Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 30 Hope Dr,EC 110, Hershey, PA 17033 USAPenn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 30 Hope Dr,EC 110, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
Sieg, Emily P.
Timmons, Shelly D.
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Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 30 Hope Dr,EC 110, Hershey, PA 17033 USAPenn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 30 Hope Dr,EC 110, Hershey, PA 17033 USA