Assess the relationship of land surface temperature with nine land surface indices in a northeast Indian city using summer and winter Landsat 8 data

The present study compares the seasonal relationship of land surface temperature (LST) with six vegetation indices (DVI, EVI, FV, NDVI, RVI, and SAVI) and three other land surface indices (MNDWI, NDBI, and NMDI) in Imphal City, Northeast India, using the summer and winter Landsat 8 satellite image of 2021. These land surface indices respond differently to changes in LST in an urban landscape. The relationships between LST and these indices were presented spatially using Pearson correlation coefficient method, scatter plot graphs, box plot graphs, and cross-sectional drawings. The study found that LST had a moderate negative relationship (less than -0.45) with all six vegetation indices in summer and winter. Among the other land surface indices, MNDWI had a weak negative relationship (-0.25) in summer and a moderate negative relationship (-0.45) in winter. NDBI generates a moderate positive relation (0.56) in summer and a strong positive relation (0.69) in winter. NMDI forms a weak positive relation (0.08) in summer and a moderate positive relation (0.35) in winter. From the cross-section analysis, it was observed that LST was low along the high values of vegetation indices and vice versa. Moreover, built-up and bare surfaces generated a high LST along the cross-section.