Organizational attachment in hybrids: identification, commitment and exit/voice/loyalty

PurposeThis study aims to examine member attachment in hybrid identity organizations (HIOs), assessing the distinct effects of identification with respect to two elements (normative and utilitarian) of a hybrid's identity. Specifically, the author explored how such dual identifications influence commitment and exit/voice/loyalty.Design/methodology/approachTo distinguish the effects of the two identities, the author used the mechanism of identity congruence - the gap between identity perceptions and expectations - as an analog of identification. The models of identity gap, commitment and exit/voice/loyalty were examined via a survey of agricultural cooperative members.FindingsBoth the social and economic forms of identity gap were significantly related to commitment and exit/voice/loyalty. In addition, commitment mediated the relationship between identity gap and exit/voice/loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe results demonstrate the distinctive effects of the dual identities and reinforce the importance of delineating such differences when examining identification in hybrid organizations.Practical implicationsManagers should recognize the duality inherent in hybrid organizational identification and understand the potential for different outcomes stemming from the separate identities.Originality/valueThis study represents the first quantitative examination of an integrated model of dual identification and commitment in HIOs. It is also unique in exploring the exit/voice/loyalty framework as a consequent of identification.