The Impact of Varying Levels of Laurus nobilis Leaves as a Sustainable Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation: In Vitro Gas Production, Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Ruminal Degradability of a Conventional Diet for Ruminants

被引:4
作者
Kholif, Ahmed E. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] North Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA
[2] Natl Res Ctr, Dairy Sci Dept, 33 Bohouth St, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
来源
FERMENTATION-BASEL | 2024年 / 10卷 / 08期
关键词
degradation; essential oils; greenhouse gases; in vitro fermentation; Laurus nobilis; ESSENTIAL OILS; AMMONIA CONCENTRATION; INCREASING LEVELS; PLANT-EXTRACTS; RUMEN; METHANOGENESIS; DIGESTIBILITY; PROFILES; BUFFALO; RATIOS;
D O I
10.3390/fermentation10080387
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of varying levels of Laurus nobilis leaves [0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%] on the in vitro ruminal fermentation of a ruminant diet consisting of a 50% concentrate mixture, 40% berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum), and 10% rice straw (Oryza sativa). The in vitro incubation lasted 48 h, during which gas production (GP), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), total and individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and nutrient degradability were measured. The experiment utilized a randomized block design and consisted of two incubation runs. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that 1,8-cineole (81%) was the primary volatile compound in the L. nobilis leaves. The 0.5% inclusion level exhibited the highest (linear, p = 0.006) asymptotic GP and lowest lag of GP (linear, p = 0.002), while the 2% inclusion level had the highest lag of GP. The 2% inclusion level significantly lowered CH4 (linear, p = 0.003) compared to the control, and all levels of the leaves linearly decreased in the proportional CH4 production (p = 0.001), with the lowest value at the 0.5% inclusion level. The highest asymptotic CO2 production was observed with the 0.5% inclusion level (linear, p = 0.002), while the 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% inclusion levels significantly increased (quadratic, p = 0.006) the proportion of CO2 compared to the control. The 0.5% inclusion level showed the highest (p < 0.001) degradable DM and fiber fractions compared to the control, whereas the 2% level decreased them. The 0.5% inclusion level resulted in the highest (p < 0.01) production of total SCFA, acetate, and propionate. Additionally, the 0.5% inclusion level demonstrated the highest (p < 0.05) metabolizable energy and microbial crude protein, while the 2% level reduced these measures compared to the control. It is concluded that L. nobilis leaves can be included at 0.5% of the ruminant diet (e.g., sheep) to improve ruminal fermentation and reduce CH4 production.
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页数:19
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