Role of Lipopolysaccharides in the Inflammation and Pyroptosis of Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

被引:10
作者
Shen, Xiao [1 ]
He, Linglin [2 ]
Cai, Wanru [3 ]
机构
[1] Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ, Clin Med Coll 2, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China
[2] Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China
[3] Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, Hangzhou 310005, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
alveolar cell death; inflammatory response; programmed cell death; pathological impact; cytokine activation; NLRP3-DEPENDENT PYROPTOSIS; INNATE IMMUNE; A549; CELLS; IN-VITRO; LPS; ACTIVATION; TLR4; PULMONARY; APOPTOSIS; LINE;
D O I
10.2147/JIR.S479051
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represent a spectrum of common critical respiratory conditions characterized by damage and death of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death with inflammatory characteristics, and activation of pyroptosis markers has been observed in AECs of patients with ALI/ARDS. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) possess strong pro-inflammatory effects and are a crucial pathological factor leading to ALI in patients and animals. In LPS-induced ALI models, AECs undergo pyroptosis. However, physiologically and pathologically relevant concentrations of LPS lead to minor effects on AEC cell viability and minimal induction of cytokine release in vitro and do not induce classical pyroptosis. Nevertheless, LPS can enter the cytoplasm directly and induce non-classical pyroptosis in AECs when assisted by extracellular vesicles from bacteria, HMGB1, and pathogens. In this review, we have explored the effects of LPS on AECs concerning inflammation, cell viability, and pyroptosis, analyzing key factors that influence LPS actions. Notably, we highlight the intricate response of AECs to LPS within the framework of ALI and ARDS, emphasizing the variable induction of pyroptosis. Despite the minimal effects of LPS on AEC viability and cytokine release in vitro, LPS can induce non-classical pyroptosis under specific conditions, presenting potential pathways for therapeutic intervention. Collectively, understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted treatments that mitigate the inflammatory responses in ALI/ARDS, thereby enhancing patient outcomes in these severe respiratory conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:5855 / 5869
页数:15
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