First identification of microplastics in human uterine fibroids and myometrium

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has received widespread attention in recent years as the use of plastics continues to increase. However, currently no studies have reported the finding of MPs in human uterine fibroids (UFs) and myometrium tissues. In this study, UFs tissues (n = 48) and myometrium tissues (n = 40) from 48 patients and myometrium tissues (n = 8) from healthy population were collected. Following digestion of the samples by 10% KOH and 30% H2O2, MPs were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using Raman spectroscopy. The 16 UFs and myometrium tissue samples contained an average of 1.5 f 1.17 MP particles per gram of tissue. Notably, the abundance of MPs in the UFs tissues (2.13 f 1.17 particles per gram) was higher than in the myometrium tissues (0.88 f 0.78 particles per gram). In the same cohort of individuals with UFs, the quantities of MPs detected in the affected UFs tissue (2.63 f 1.77 particles per gram) exceeded those detected in healthy tissue (1.08 f 0.93 particles per gram), particularly in elderly patients. A correlation was observed between elevated MP levels and frequent consumption of takeout meals and bottled water among patients, indicating that MP ingestion through food sources might have contributed to the increased abundance and variety of MPs within UFs. Furthermore, UFs increased in size with higher concentrations of MPs, which may have been related to elevated levels of MPsinduced hormones. This study provides new insights into the assessment of the relationship between exposure to MPs and human disease risk.