The Complexity of State-Led Housing Planning: Lessons from Implementation in Southern California

California's current housing planning system is comprised of a complex housing target allocation mechanism and enforcement mechanisms to ensure that local governments effectively accommodate the development of the allocated housing units. This study illustrates the complexity in California's planning requirements and discusses the implications for implementation. Drawing on interview data and observations of public events, this study also reveals implementation challenges perceived by front-line workers. This study contributes to the planning and policy implementation literature by addressing the implementation of complex rules in the context of top-down planning.