Enhancing recovery of gold(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions using gemini surfactant microemulsions: The effect of spacer group

被引:1
|
作者
Lu, Guoqiang [1 ]
Li, Xingyao [1 ]
Zhou, Youbin [2 ]
Zhang, Yongmin [1 ]
机构
[1] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Engn, Key Lab Synthet & Biol Colloids, Minist Educ, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi 214122, Peoples R China
[2] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, State Key Lab Organ Inorgan Composites, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Microemulsion extraction; Gemini surfactants; Spacer; Response surface analysis; Hydrochloric acid solution; IN-OIL MICROEMULSION; IONIC-LIQUID; AU(III) EXTRACTION; GOLD; WATER; OPTIMIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; WASTE; ULTRASOUND; MECHANISM;
D O I
10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129262
中图分类号
TQ [化学工业];
学科分类号
0817 ;
摘要
The recovery of precious metals from waste has garnered significant attention owing to their non-renewable nature and essential role in the burgeoning information industry. However, enhancing the extraction efficiency of microemulsions remains a significant challenge. In this study, three water-in-oil microemulsions were formulated using gemini surfactants with different spacers (14-OH-14, 14-SO4-14, and 14-3-14) as emulsifiers, supplemented with n-butanol as a cosurfactant, n-heptane as the oil phase, and NaCl aqueous solution as the internal aqueous phase. These microemulsions were employed for the extraction of gold(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions. The results illustrate that all three microemulsions effectively extracted gold(III) through a spontaneous, exothermic, enthalpy-driven anion-exchange mechanism, achieving notable extraction efficiency. In contrast to 14-3-14, incorporating -OH into the spacer significantly augments the positive electrostatic potential through the cationization of -OH in an HCl solution, resulting in a higher binding constant (2.43) and thereby improving the extraction efficiency. However, the presence of -SO4 diminishes the positive electrostatic potential through partial neutralization, resulting in a lower binding constant (1.17), which is detrimental to the extraction process. Response surface optimization revealed that concentrations of C(14-OH-14) and V(1-butanol) significantly influence extraction efficiency and exhibit pronounced interaction. At optimal conditions (C(14-OH14) = 0.09 mol & sdot;L- 1, V(1-butanol) = 47.41 %, R=20, and C(NaCl) = 1.57 mol & sdot;L- 1), over 95.54 % of gold(III) can be extracted from actual e-waste solutions. This study offers an alternative approach for designing or selecting surfactants in microemulsion-based extraction of gold(III) from e-waste.
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页数:12
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