Development and implementation of a clinical decision support system-based quality initiative to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections

Background: Central venous lines (CVLs) are frequently utilized in critically ill patients and confer a risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). CLABSIs are associated with increased mortality, extended hospitalization, and increased costs. Unnecessary CVL utilization contributes to CLABSIs. This initiative sought to implement a clinical decision support system (CDSS) within an electronic health record (EHR) to quantify the prevalence of potentially unnecessary CVLs and improve their timely removal in six adult intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: Intervention components included: (1) evaluating existing CDSS' effectiveness, (2) clinician education, (3) developing/implementing an EHR-based CDSS to identify potentially unnecessary CVLs, (4) audit/feedback, and (5) reviewing EHR/institutional data to compare rates of removal of potentially unnecessary CVLs, device utilization, and CLABSIs pre- and postimplementation. Data was evaluated with statistical process control charts, chi-square analyses, and incidence rate ratios. Results: Preimplementation, 25.2% of CVLs were potentially removable, and the mean weekly proportion of these CVLs that were removed within 24 hours was 20.0%. Postimplementation, a greater proportion of potentially unnecessary CVLs were removed (29%, p < 0.0001), CVL utilization decreased, and days between CLABSIs increased. The intervention was most effective in ICUs staffed by pulmonary/critical care physicians, who received monthly audit/feedback, where timely CVL removal increased from a mean of 18.0% to 30.5% (p < 0.0001) and days between CLABSIs increased from 17.3 to 25.7. Conclusions: A significant proportion of active CVLs were potentially unnecessary. CDSS implementation, in conjunction with audit and feedback, correlated with a sustained increase in timely CVL removal and an increase in days between CLABSIs.