Effects of Nursing Program in Preventing Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis by Applying Zinc Oxide and Petroleum Jelly Skin Protection Products Among Older Patients in Semi-Intensive Medical Care Units: A Pilot Study

Aim: Incontinence-associated dermatitis is a common health problem among older clinical patients, causing related severe skin damage such as pressure ulcers, secondary infection, and long length of hospital stay. This pilot study aimed to develop and examine the effects of nursing programs in preventing incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among older patients. Ten older patients at high risk of incontinence-associated dermatitis were included in this study: five patients received a nursing program combined with mixed products, and another five received a nursing program combined with separate use of products. The program was evaluated using a perianal assessment tool (PAT-T) for risk assessment, the incontinence-associated dermatitis invention tool (IADIT-T) for severity assessment, the skin surface pH, and skin surface moisture. The results revealed that the nursing program and skin products are usable and acceptable, provide step-by-step details, and are simple and easy to follow. The nursing program combined with using zinc oxide products followed by petroleum jelly can prevent and decrease the severity of incontinence-associated dermatitis in older patients. Moreover, it can also improve the skin surface pH to a mild acidity appropriate for the skin condition and increase the skin's moisture better the nursing program with mixed skin products. This pilot study confirmed that the developed program can be applied in practice. Moreover, the program could be used to decrease the incidence of IAD and skin surface pH but increase skin moisture. However, future study with a larger sample size and applying a more substantial research design for more accuracy and generalization is needed. Clinical Trial Registration Number: OSF https://osf.io/8gj3d. .