Social dinamics and ethical principles: reading keys about retraction in scientific publications

Introduction: Retraction in scientific publications is a phenomenon that challenges the integrity of science. Despite its importance, the retraction process is often misunderstood by both researchers and the general public. Objective: This study explores how ethical concepts and sociological theories can enhance the understanding of retraction practices in scientific publications by analyzing the mobilization of these theoretical contributions as interpretative tools that strengthen scientific integrity. Methodology: A critical literature review focused on classic and contemporary texts selected for their theoretical and empirical relevance was utilized. The analysis was structured around two main axes: the first investigates ethical approaches through the contributions of philosophers such as Aristotle and Kant, and contemporary theorists in Information Science; the second examines sociological perspectives from authors such as Durkheim, Weber, Merton, and Bourdieu, as well as more recent theories like social constructivism, actor-network theory, and science, technology, and society studies. These approaches elucidate how social and cultural interactions shape current scientific practices, including retraction. Results: It was observed that retractions often occur due to failures in conducting and communicating research, as well as systemic pressures to publish. These findings are essential for understanding how these causes affect scientific integrity and highlight the need for more rigorous editorial review and management practices. Conclusion: It was found that, when informed by an integrated view of ethical and sociological perspectives, retraction practices not only correct the scientific record but also strengthen trust in science, underscoring the importance of promoting a transparent and responsible scientific environment.