Knockdown of USP7 alleviates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by regulating EZH2 expression

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease associated with lipid accumulation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of AS is essential. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitination enzyme involved in various cellular processes, including lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of USP7 in AS progression and its underlying mechanism using ApoE-deficient mice. We found that USP7 ablation improved the morphological characteristics of AS in these mice. USP7 knockdown reduced inflammation, evidenced by decreases in inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta by 35, 40, and 38%, respectively (p < 0.01). Additionally, USP7 depletion reduced oxidative stress, indicated by a 30% reduction in malondialdehyde levels and increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels by 25 and 28%, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, USP7 knockdown blocked lipid accumulation in aortic tissue cells. Mechanistically, USP7 knockdown inhibited enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) expression, thereby suppressing AS progression. In conclusion, USP7 depletion alleviated AS progression in ApoE-deficient mice by targeting EZH2 expression. USP7 may serve as a therapeutic target for AS.