Integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing revealed an epigenetic signature predicts prognosis and tumor microenvironment colorectal cancer heterogeneity

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis prediction is currently a major challenge. Epigenetic regulation has been widely reported for its role in cancer development. AIM To construct a robust prognostic signature, we used developed and validated across datasets. METHODS After constructing the signature, the prognostic value of the signature was evaluated in the TCGA cohort and six independent datasets (GSE17526, GSE17537, GSE33113, GSE37892, GSE39048 and GSE39582). The clinical, genomic and transcriptomic features related to the signature were identified. The correlations of the signature score with immune cell infiltration and cell-cell interactions were analyzed. The correlations between the signature score and the sensitivity to different drugs were also predicted. RESULTS In the TCGA cohort, patients in the low-risk group according to the signature score had longer survival than those in the high-risk group, and this finding was validated in the validation datasets. The signature was a prognostic factor independent of age and sex and was correlated with stage and PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Area under the receiving operating characteristic curve was 0.72. Genomic association analyses revealed that samples from high-risk patients exhibited chromosomal instability. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the signature score was significantly associated with multiple cellular pathways. Bulk RNA-seq and single-cell sequencing data revealed that the signature reflected differences in infiltrating immune cell-tumor cell interactions, especially for macrophages. The signature also predicted the putative drug sensitivity of CRC samples. CONCLUSION The signature is a valuable biomarker for predicting CRC prognosis and reflects multiple features of CRC, especially macrophage infiltration in the microenvironment.