EFFECT OF AGRO-CLIMATIC FACTORS ON FORMATION OF QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPLEX OF 'CABERNET SAUVIGNON' GRAPES AND WINE

Climate change affects the metabolism of grape plants, quality and biological value of wine, necessitating the search for new territories to establish vineyards. The purpose of research is to assess the impact of agro-ecological conditions (2016-2021, Crimea) on the formation of a complex of phenolic antioxidants and quality of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes and wine. The methods used are: geoinformational (SRTM-3, ASTER GDEM, Worldclim ver. 2.0) and mathematical modeling, high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), enochemistry appropriate practices and statistical analysis. Following differences (Wilks L. <= 0.27; alpha < 0.00001) are determined in territories of grape growing in terms of heat supply - Uglovoe < Vilino < Yalta < Privetnoe, Solnechnaya Dolina < Morskoe; in terms of moisture supply - Solnechnaya Dolina, Morskoe, Privetnoe < Vilino, Uglovoe < Yalta. Increase in heat supply of territories was accompanied by the accumulation of sugars in grapes; easily extracted anthocyanins, flavonols, (-)-epicatechin in berry seeds and skins, and pH increasing, on the one hand; and on the other hand, intensification of transformation and polymerization processes in phenolic components during grape ripening and processing, leading to increase in the content of procyanidins (B2, B4), the proportion of malvidin, and decrease in the proportion of cyanidin and petunidin in berries; decrease in the concentration of mono- and dimeric phe- nolic antioxidants, increase in the hints of spices and milk cream in aroma, as well as development of a velvety-tannic flavor in wine. Increase in the moisture supply of territories holds the process of accumulation and transformation of phenolic anti- oxidants in berries. Wine from grapes of Uglovoe, Vilino and Yalta vineyards contained a biologically significant amount of hydroxycinnamic acids; from Privetnoe, Yalta and Vilino vineyards - flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins. Wine from Morskoe and Solnechnaya Dolina vineyards contained an average of 1.6 times less phenolic antioxidants. The research results are signi- ficant for an object-oriented assessment of climatic conditions of grape growing territories.