Investigation of a Modified Wells Turbine for Wave Energy Extraction

The Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is the most promising self-rectifying device for power generation from ocean waves; over the past decade, its importance has been rekindled. The bidirectional airflow inside the OWC drives the Wells turbine connected to a generator to harness energy. This study evaluated the aerodynamic performance of two hybrid airfoil (NACA0015 and NACA0025) blade designs with variable chord distribution along the span of a Wells turbine. The present work examines the aerodynamic impact of the variable chord turbine and compares it with one with a constant chord. Ideally, Wells rotor blades with variable chords perform better since they have an even axial velocity distribution on their leading edge. The variable chord rotor blade configurations differ from hub to tip with taper ratios (Chord at Tip/Chord at Hub) of 1.58 and 0.63. The computation is performed in ANSYS (TM) CFX 2023 R2 by solving three-dimensional, steady-state, incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with a k-omega Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model in a non-inertial reference frame rotating with the turbine. The accuracy of the numerical results was achieved by performing a grid independence study. A refined mesh showed good agreement with the available experimental and numerical data in terms of efficiency, torque, and pressure drop at different flow coefficients. A variable chord Wells turbine with a taper ratio of 1.58 had a peak efficiency of 59.6%, as opposed to the one with a taper ratio of 0.63, which had a peak efficiency of 58.2%; the constant chord Wells turbine only had a peak efficiency of 58.5%. Furthermore, the variable chord rotor with the higher taper ratio had a larger operating range than others. There are significant improvements in the aerodynamic performance of the modified Wells turbine, compared to the conventional Wells turbine, which makes it suitable for wave energy harvesting. The flow field investigation around the turbine blades was conducted and analyzed.