Risk factors for mortality in healthcare-associated infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae

Aim: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles and mortality risk factors associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthcare-associated infections. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2024. Adult individuals who had K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples taken 48 hours after hospitalization and who met healthcare-associated infection criteria were included in the study. The risk factors associated with mortality were evaluated. Results: A total of 84 cases of HAIs caused by K. pneumoniae were included in the study, 47 (56%) of whom were male. Among these, 73.8% exhibited carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRC-Kp). Univariate logistic regression identified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), absence of fever response on the fifth day, and CRC-Kp growth as significant mortality predictors. Multivariate analysis revealed patients not on hemodialysis (HD) and absence of fever response on the fifth day as significantly associated with mortality, with 23.774 and 121.620 times higher risk, respectively. Discussion: These findings underscore the threat posed by K. pneumoniae infections due to antibiotic resistance and mortality, highlighting the urgent need for effective infection control measures and targeted treatment strategies.