An Exploration of the Use of Deliberate Practice in Team-Centered Healthcare Simulation-Based Education: An Integrative Review

Background: A key challenge to simulation educators is to find the most effective instructional design that would enhance participant learning. Aim and Methods: An integrative review was undertaken to explore the effects on healthcare practitioners of team-based simulation, underpinned by the deliberate practice framework. This combines well-defined team learning objectives, set at an appropriate level, with opportunities for repetitive team practice under the expert supervision of a coach. Results: Eight articles were identified with six emerging themes: Instructional design features, participants' performance, knowledge, confidence [self-efficacy], and rating/satisfaction. Conclusions: The wide variation in the instructional designs, with no standardisation, made comparisons difficult. Nevertheless, studies reported positive benefits in using repeated/repetitive simulation, regardless of the design.